A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
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Life and Works: Camilo José Cela Trulock was born on 11 May, 1916, in Iria Flavia, district of Padron, province of la Coruña. Cela's mother was of British origin and his father was a part-time author. He studied at Madrid University, and served in Franco's forces during the Civil War. His first novel, La familia de Pascual Duarte (1942, The Family of Pascual Duarte), was banned for its seemingly gratuitous violence. The novel had enormous influence during the decade after its publication. Cela employs techniques drawn from the Renaissance Spanish picaresque novel to give first-person account. In the purported autobiography, Pascal Duarte's prison memoirs, a primitive criminal awaits execution for the murder of his mother. Pascual Duarte is both a bloody criminal and victim of a destructive social environment. His life reflects the crude reality of rural Spain in Franco's time. The range of his work is vast and varied, but he is best known for La Colmena (1951, The Hive), which recreates daily life in Madrid in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War. In the fragmented chronology, which took more than five years to write, appears some 250 to 360 characters. The Hive portrays the poverty, degradation, and hypocrisy of post-war society. The work inaugurated a novelistic style known as objectivismo, a kind of documentary realism. The Hive was originally published in Latin America; in Spain it was banned because it was considered subversive by the government censors. His works are marked by overtones of existentialism, brutal realism and humor, and experiments with narrative time. In the author's pessimistic world the lives and violent emotions of several hundred personages are mixed together. Cela writes with great detail, describing landscapes and picturesque individuals, giving an aesthetic dimension to reporting. In 1944 he married María del Rosario Conde Picavea; they had one son, who became an anthropologist. The marriage ended in 1989. Just before the Nobel Prize Cela had met Marina Castaño, who was 40 years younger and they married in 1991. Cela lived largely in Madrid until 1954, when he moved to Mallorca. There he was founder and director of the journal Papeles de Son Armadans (1956-1979). During this time he started to publish his multivolume Diccionario secreto, a compilation of 'unprintable' but well-known words and phrases. In Mazurca para dos muertos (1983, Mazurka for Two Dead Men) Cela returned again to the war years. In the rainy Galician mountains, a local townsperson is kidnapped and murdered; at book's end, his killing is avenged by his brother according to the law of the mountain. Doctor honoris causa at the universities of Syracuse (New York, USA), Birmingham (Great Britain), John F. Kennedy (BuenosAires,Argentina), Palma de Mallorca, Santiago de Compostela, the Interamericana University (San Juan, Puerto Rico), and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Former professor at the University of Palma de Mallorca. Member of the Real Academia Española. Member of the Hispanic Society of America, the Society of Spanish and Spanish-American Studies and the Académie du Monde Latin. Honorary member of the Real Academia Gallega, the Real Academia de Buenas Letras (Barcelona), the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Sebastián (Palma de Mallorca), the American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese, the Cultural Institute Israel - Ibero-America, Spain and Portugal (Jerusalem), the Asociación National de Profesores y Entrenadores de Judo (Madrid), and the Asociación de la Prensa de Madrid (1979; after being expelled in 1952). Corresponding member of the Academia Porteea del lunfardo (Buenos Aires), president of the Amistad España - Israel association (Madrid), honorary president of the Cultura Latinaassociation (Paris). Senator by royal appointment in the constituent assembly (1977-1978). Favourite son of Padron. Adopted son of Palma de Mallorca, of Madrid and of Torremejia (Badajoz). Honorary citizen of the State of Texas. Awards and honours: Premio de la Crítica, Premio National de Literatura,
Gran Cruz de la Orden de Isabel la Católica, Premio Principe de Asturias. In 1989 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Camilo José Cela died in 2002. Selected works:
Bibliography:
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